In the middle of the second line we have the word "enoQRh", which is likely to be "enough", and so we have the transformations "Q" and "R" to "u" and "g" respectively. We CPnU the Eost oNNQKKPnR sYEAoD MnU NhMnRe Pt to the CoKE oC the 'CPKst' DetteK oC the HDMPnteXt sMEHDe, the neXt Eost NoEEon sYEAoD Ps NhMnReU to the CoKE oC the 'seNonU' DetteK, MnU the CoDDoWPnR Eost NoEEon sYEAoD Ps NhMnReU to the CoKE oC the 'thPKU' DetteK, MnU so on, QntPD We MNNoQnt CoK MDD sYEAoDs oC the NKYHtoRKME We WMnt to soDVe. then We DooB Mt the NPHheK teXt We WMnt to soDVe MnU We MDso NDMssPCY Pts sYEAoDs. We NMDD the Eost CKeJQentDY oNNQKKPnR DetteK the 'CPKst', the neXt Eost oNNQKKPnR DetteK the 'seNonU' the CoDDoWPnR Eost oNNQKKPnR DetteK the 'thPKU', MnU so on, QntPD We MNNoQnt CoK MDD the UPCCeKent DetteKs Pn the HDMPnteXt sMEHDe. One WMY to soDVe Mn enNKYHteU EessMRe, PC We BnoW Pts DMnRQMRe, Ps to CPnU M UPCCeKent HDMPnteXt oC the sMEe DMnRQMRe DonR enoQRh to CPDD one sheet oK so, MnU then We NoQnt the oNNQKKenNes oC eMNh DetteK. Again, the frequencis of these two letters are about right. In the third line we see the word "Lheet", which is most likely to be "sheet", and so we replace "L" with "s". We CPFU the EoLt oNNQKKPFR LYEAoD MFU NhMFRe Pt to the CoKE oC the 'CPKLt' DetteK oC the HDMPFteXt LMEHDe, the FeXt EoLt NoEEoF LYEAoD PL NhMFReU to the CoKE oC the 'LeNoFU' DetteK, MFU the CoDDoWPFR EoLt NoEEoF LYEAoD PL NhMFReU to the CoKE oC the 'thPKU' DetteK, MFU Lo oF, QFtPD We MNNoQFt CoK MDD LYEAoDL oC the NKYHtoRKME We WMFt to LoDVe. theF We DooB Mt the NPHheK teXt We WMFt to LoDVe MFU We MDLo NDMLLPCY PtL LYEAoDL. We NMDD the EoLt CKeJQeFtDY oNNQKKPFR DetteK the 'CPKLt', the FeXt EoLt oNNQKKPFR DetteK the 'LeNoFU' the CoDDoWPFR EoLt oNNQKKPFR DetteK the 'thPKU', MFU Lo oF, QFtPD We MNNoQFt CoK MDD the UPCCeKeFt DetteKL PF the HDMPFteXt LMEHDe. oFe WMY to LoDVe MF eFNKYHteU EeLLMRe, PC We BFoW PtL DMFRQMRe, PL to CPFU M UPCCeKeFt HDMPFteXt oC the LMEe DMFRQMRe DoFR eFoQRh to CPDD oFe Lheet oK Lo, MFU theF We NoQFt the oNNQKKeFNeL oC eMNh DetteK. We see that the third word is "tG", and the only one of these options that makes sense is "to", so we guess "G" is "o". We CPFU tIe EGLt GNNQKKPFR LYEAGD MFU NIMFRe Pt tG tIe CGKE GC tIe 'CPKLt' DetteK GC tIe HDMPFteXt LMEHDe, tIe FeXt EGLt NGEEGF LYEAGD PL NIMFReU tG tIe CGKE GC tIe 'LeNGFU' DetteK, MFU tIe CGDDGWPFR EGLt NGEEGF LYEAGD PL NIMFReU tG tIe CGKE GC tIe 'tIPKU' DetteK, MFU LG GF, QFtPD We MNNGQFt CGK MDD LYEAGDL GC tIe NKYHtGRKME We WMFt tG LGDVe.Īlso, by looking at the frequencies again, we see the next most common letter is "G", which is probably one of "a", "i" or "o". ![]() tIeF We DGGB Mt tIe NPHIeK teXt We WMFt tG LGDVe MFU We MDLG NDMLLPCY PtL LYEAGDL. We NMDD tIe EGLt CKeJQeFtDY GNNQKKPFR DetteK tIe 'CPKLt', tIe FeXt EGLt GNNQKKPFR DetteK tIe 'LeNGFU' tIe CGDDGWPFR EGLt GNNQKKPFR DetteK tIe 'tIPKU', MFU LG GF, QFtPD We MNNGQFt CGK MDD tIe UPCCeKeFt DetteKL PF tIe HDMPFteXt LMEHDe. From the chart and table above, we can guess that these two letters represent "e" and "t" respectively, and after making these substitutions we get: GFe WMY tG LGDVe MF eFNKYHteU EeLLMRe, PC We BFGW PtL DMFRQMRe, PL tG CPFU M UPCCeKeFt HDMPFteXt GC tIe LMEe DMFRQMRe DGFR eFGQRI tG CPDD GFe LIeet GK LG, MFU tIeF We NGQFt tIe GNNQKKeFNeL GC eMNI DetteK. We see that the most common ciphertext letter is "S", closely followed by "O". ![]() Now that we have all the frequencies of ciphertext letters, we can start to make some substitutions. WS CPFU OIS EGLO GNNQKKPFR LYEAGD MFU NIMFRS PO OG OIS CGKE GC OIS 'CPKLO' DSOOSK GC OIS HDMPFOSXO LMEHDS, OIS FSXO EGLO NGEEGF LYEAGD PL NIMFRSU OG OIS CGKE GC OIS 'LSNGFU' DSOOSK, MFU OIS CGDDGWPFR EGLO NGEEGF LYEAGD PL NIMFRSU OG OIS CGKE GC OIS 'OIPKU' DSOOSK, MFU LG GF, QFOPD WS MNNGQFO CGK MDD LYEAGDL GC OIS NKYHOGRKME WS WMFO OG LGDVS. OISF WS DGGB MO OIS NPHISK OSXO WS WMFO OG LGDVS MFU WS MDLG NDMLLPCY POL LYEAGDL. WS NMDD OIS EGLO CKSJQSFODY GNNQKKPFR DSOOSK OIS 'CPKLO', OIS FSXO EGLO GNNQKKPFR DSOOSK OIS 'LSNGFU' OIS CGDDGWPFR EGLO GNNQKKPFR DSOOSK OIS 'OIPKU', MFU LG GF, QFOPD WS MNNGQFO CGK MDD OIS UPCCSKSFO DSOOSKL PF OIS HDMPFOSXO LMEHDS. GFS WMY OG LGDVS MF SFNKYHOSU ESLLMRS, PC WS BFGW POL DMFRQMRS, PL OG CPFU M UPCCSKSFO HDMPFOSXO GC OIS LMES DMFRQMRS DGFR SFGQRI OG CPDD GFS LISSO GK LG, MFU OISF WS NGQFO OIS GNNQKKSFNSL GC SMNI DSOOSK. In this example we shall use Frequency Analysis to break the code used to encrypt the intercept given below, given that it has been encrypted with a Monoalphabetic Substitution cipher.
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